Emotional disturbance means a condition exhibiting one or more of the following characteristics over a long period of time and to a marked degree that adversely affects a child’s educational performance:
An inability to learn that cannot be explained by intellectual, sensory, or health factors;
An inability to build or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships with peers and teachers;
Inappropriate types of behavior or feelings under normal circumstances;
A general pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression;
A tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears associated with personal or school problems; or
Schizophrenia.
Types
Anxiety disorders
Bipolar disorder
Conduct disorders
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Psychotic disorders
Depressive disorders
Possible Signs and Characteristics
Some of the characteristics and behaviors seen in children who have an emotional disturbance include:
Children with the most serious emotional disturbances may exhibit:
Distorted thinking
Excessive anxiety
Bizarre motor acts
Abnormal mood swings
Teaching Tips/Instructional Strategies
Educational programs for children with an emotional disturbance need to include attention to both emotional and behavioral support, as well as helping them to master:
Academics
Develop social skills
Increase self-awareness
Increase self-control
Increase self-esteem
Strategies include:
Rules and routines that are predictable
Consistent rewards for appropriate behavior
Behavior management techniques such as: Positive reinforcement, token economy, contracts, and a cool-down area
Systematic teaching of social skills through modeling, discussion, and rehearsal are provided to help students increase control over their behavior and improve their relations with others
Supportive therapies involving music, art, exercise, and relaxation techniques
Individual and group counseling to improve self-understanding, self-esteem, and self-control